Muzzles are made from a variety of materials, but all restrict a dog's ability to open his or her mouth to some degree. A muzzle may keep an aggressive dog from biting. It may also be used to prevent self-mutilation; pica, the consumption of inedible items such as rocks; or coprophagy, the consumption of feces. A muzzle should be used only under supervision.
How it works:
The muzzle should fit securely enough to stay on and to prevent the unwanted behaviors, while not being so tight as to cause pain, chafe skin, or interfere with breathing - especially in brachycephalic dogs. The dog should become accustomed to the muzzle on a gradual basis, without undue stress, through habituation and association with rewards and pleasant experiences.
Benefits:
Muzzling an aggressive dog may relieve an owner's anxiety when the dog is around others - which may, in turn, relieve some of the dog's anxiety. It may also prevent the public from approaching an aggressive dog.
Limitations:
The dog must be able to breathe and to pant. The muzzle should be removed to permit normal eating and drinking. Some dogs become anxious and stressed when a muzzle is placed on them. A muzzle is a management tool, not a substitute for training or behavior modification. It should not be used to prevent normal barking or destructive chewing.
Risks and warnings:
Some dogs behave more aggressively when being muzzled or immediately after the muzzle is removed. Tape, rope, gauze or rubber bands should not be used in training in place of a proper muzzle. A muzzle that prevents the dog from opening his or her mouth at all should be used only under direct supervision, for limited amounts of time. A dog who is unable to pant can overheat quickly.
