Electronic containment systems - consisting of a transmitter, hidden wire, and collar with battery-operated receiver - are intended to prevent a dog from leaving an area. In most systems, the dog hears a warning tone near the boundary. If the dog keeps moving forward, the collar delivers a shock or a spray of citronella.
Though widely used, these systems do have a potential for misuse and abuse. They are not recommended for dogs with existing fear or aggression problems. The dog may be injured or traumatized by other animals crossing or approaching the boundary. The system itself is not a training technique, but depends on proper setup and training to function in a humane manner. Unlike remote training collars, these systems are not dependent on human timing and consistency in delivering the aversive.
Trainers should learn the specifics of any product they are considering using or recommending. System specifications change frequently. The boundaries should have visible markers to serve as a reminder. A training program should first teach the desired behavior - stopping short of the boundary - before introducing the collar. And the system should safeguard against a dog being trapped in the correction area, or outside the yard, by fear of repeated punishment.
Electrified fence wires, commonly used to contain livestock, are sometimes also used to contain dogs. The wires deliver a shock when touched; the level of this shock should be appropriate for a dog. The wire should be mounted at a dog's shoulder level, so that the dog can move away quickly after contact. The dog should be able to identify the source of the shock within one or two exposures. Some communities, counties or states regulate or have banned use of these wires.
